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# 3D Anatomy Studios

Designing tools to discover form and function

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://3danatomystudios.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [BookStack Hack: Dynamic collapsible left sidebar](https://3danatomystudios.com/coding/bookstack-hack-dynamic-collapsible-left-sidebar/) - As we migrate our activity guides to BookStack, I wanted to share some custom code that I developed that gives users more flexibility in setting the page layout.
- [Digital model of the cartilages of a dogfish shark skull](https://3danatomystudios.com/models/dogfish-models/dogfish-shark-skull-kit-all-cartilages/) - A simplified digital replica of the 3D printed parts in our Dogfish Shark Skull Active Learning Kit (annotated).
- [Digital model of the left chondrocranium of a dogfish shark](https://3danatomystudios.com/models/dogfish-models/digital-model-of-the-left-chondrocranium-of-a-dogfish-shark/) - An annotated digital replica of the chondrocranium (left side only) in our Dogfish Shark Skull Active Learning Kit.
- [Getting input on our next product in Atlanta, Georgia](https://3danatomystudios.com/news/more-than-70-people-stop-by-our-sicb-booth-in-atlanta/) - Our exhibit at SICB 2025 in Atlanta was a success, with over 70 people stopping by our booth!
- [Information on our cat skull model](https://3danatomystudios.com/models/cat-models/cat-skull-model-information/) - Information on how we created our cat skull model and the specimen we used to make it.
- [Sharks spotted in Pittsburgh!](https://3danatomystudios.com/news/sharks-spotted-in-pittsburgh/) - Check out photos from our booth at the JMIH science conference where we exhibited our Dogfish Shark Skull Active Learning Kits.
- [All dogfish shark skull kit modules](https://3danatomystudios.com/guides/all-dogfish-shark-skull-kit-modules/) - A single PDF of all the activity modules for the dogfish shark skull kit, including all student guides, student notebooks, and educator guides.
- [What do ears have to do with balance?](https://3danatomystudios.com/science-chats/what-do-ears-have-to-do-with-balance/) - There's a saying that cats always land on their feet. While not always the case, cats do have a remarkable ability to 'right themselves' midair. But the system that gives cats their sense of balance, the vestibular system, is similar to that in humans and is closely related to hearing. Simon and veterinarian Dr. Tanaka discuss how hearing and balance work and the close relationship between these two systems.
- [Why don't humans have bones in their eyes?](https://3danatomystudios.com/science-chats/why-dont-humans-have-bones-in-their-eyes/) - Most vertebrates have an ocular skeleton, cartilage and bone embedded in the outer wall, or sclera, of the eye. However, most mammals, including humans do not. Rana and her aunt Iesha discuss how eyes work, the function of the ocular skeleton, and potential reasons why humans don't have one.
- [Create your own shark kit activity!](https://3danatomystudios.com/guides/sa00/) - All the activities for our Dogfish Shark Skull Kit are available as a Google doc that you can copy to create and share your own activities.
- [Simulating the motions of your shark’s jaws (SA05)](https://3danatomystudios.com/guides/sa05/) - Identify and attach jaw muscles to the skeleton of your spiny dogfish shark and figure out the actions of each muscle by using your model to simulate the motions of the jaws.
- [Mapping the functional evolution of cranial nerves (SA04)](https://3danatomystudios.com/guides/sa04/) - Compare and classify the shark cranial nerves and explain the functional evolution of some of the cranial nerves in vertebrates more broadly.
- [Wiring your shark’s brain (SA03)](https://3danatomystudios.com/guides/sa03/) - Learn the shark cranial nerves by connecting nerves to a brain model of the spiny dogfish shark, tracing their paths out of the braincase, and completing a schematic diagram.
- [Observing your shark’s braincase and brain (SA02)](https://3danatomystudios.com/guides/sa02/) - Become more familiar with the structure of the braincase and brain of the spiny dogfish shark through observation and gain a better understanding of why they have the shape that they do.
- [Building the skeleton of your shark skull (SA01)](https://3danatomystudios.com/guides/sa01/) - Identify the skeletal cartilages that make up the cranium and jaws of the spiny dogfish shark and figure out how they fit together by building a 3D model of the skull.
- [Create your own cat coloring kit activity!](https://3danatomystudios.com/guides/fc00/) - All the activities for our Cat Skull Coloring Kit are available as a Google doc that you can copy to create and share your own activities.
- [Painting the bones of your cat skull (FC01)](https://3danatomystudios.com/guides/fc01/) - Identify and paint the bones of a model cat skull while learning about the bones’ functional and developmental groupings, forms, and relationships.
- [The SBIR Gamble](https://3danatomystudios.com/news/march-2022-the-sbir-gamble-and-other-updates/) - We can’t believe it’s already been five months since we officially registered as 3D Anatomy Studios! In this March 2022 update post, we share what we've been up to for the past few months, including submitting our first NSF SBIR Phase I Proposal! Plus, something exciting to watch for in April!
- [Our 10 steps to creating 3D printed anatomical models](https://3danatomystudios.com/news/our-10-steps-to-creating-3d-printed-anatomical-models/) - Physical anatomical models have benefits for teaching and research, from multi-sensory learning to quickly testing physical interactions among parts. In this post, we explain the 10 steps we follow in using 3D printing to create high-resolution models specifically tailored to each client's unique needs.
- [Our Shop is Open!](https://3danatomystudios.com/news/april-2022-the-shop-is-open/) - We are thrilled that our Shop is officially open! In this April 2022 update we share more about the how and why of opening our online shop, why we tried but ultimately decided against using dropshipping, and how we decided on the most environmentally sustainable materials to use for creating and shipping our products.
- [Small business or start-up? 3D Anatomy Studios is a bit of both](https://3danatomystudios.com/news/small-business-or-start-up-3d-anatomy-studios-is-a-bit-of-both/) - What's the difference between a small business and a start-up? In this post we explain what is typically meant by each of these how there isn't always a clear difference between the two. We also give examples of how 3D Anatomy Studios currently operates both as a small business and as a start-up.

## Pages

- [Home](https://3danatomystudios.com/) - A small business designing digital and hands-on tools to help learners of all ages discover organismal form and function.
- [Human Knee Active Learning Kit](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/human-knee-kit/) - Human Knee Active Learning Kit A life-size, functional reproduction of a real knee designed to engage students, healthcare professionals, athletes, and patients in hands-on, active learning. Fully functional anatomy Knee motions are complicated. This is the only knee model on the market (that we know of) that fully and realistically reproduces the complex motions of
- [Product Maker](https://3danatomystudios.com/careers/product-maker/) - 3D Anatomy Studios is no longer hiring for this role. If you'd like to be alerted when we do have a position open, please email us at contact@3danatomystudios.com!
- [Open positions at 3D Anatomy Studios](https://3danatomystudios.com/careers/) - We do not currently have any open positions. If you'd like to be alerted when we do have a position open, please email us at contact@3danatomystudios.com!
- [Shark skull active learning kit](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/dogfish-skull-kit/) - Move your students' learning beyond memorization with this active learning kit covering shark skeletal anatomy, cranial nerves, cranial muscles, jaw biomechanics, and more!
- [Knee kit quote request](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/knee-kit-quote-request/) - Knee Active Learning Kit Quote Request Form Please use the form below to request a quote for our Knee Active Learning Kit. If you'd prefer, you can also email us at contact@3danatomystudios.com to request a quote. For current pricing, please see the How to Order section of the kit product page. Please enable JavaScript in
- [Custom Physical Model Making](https://3danatomystudios.com/custom-physical-model-making/) - Our team of anatomy design experts will work with you to turn your digital data into a high-resolution physical model for teaching, research, or outreach.
- [Frequently Asked Questions](https://3danatomystudios.com/frequently-asked-questions/) - Find answers to our most frequently asked questions, such as 'Do you ship internationally?', 'What are Active Learning Kits?', and 'Who owns 3D Anatomy Studios?'
- [About Us](https://3danatomystudios.com/about/) - A small business designing digital and hands-on tools to help learners of all ages discover and explore organismal form and function.
- [Contact Us](https://3danatomystudios.com/contact/) - Whatever your design challenge, we want to be your partner in finding a solution. Please contact us to schedule a free consultation.
- [Blog](https://3danatomystudios.com/blog/) - CodingBookStack Hack: Dynamic collapsible left sidebarAs we migrate our activity guides to BookStack, I wanted to share some custom code that I developed that gives users more flexibility in setting the page layout. Aaron OlsenNovember 28, 2025Latest NewsGetting input on our next product in Atlanta, GeorgiaOur exhibit at SICB 2025 in Atlanta was a success,
- [Active Learning Kits](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/kits/) - We are currently accepting orders to academic institutions for the following kits: Dogfish shark skull kit Dogfish shark neuroanatomy kit (this kit is a subset of our Dogfish shark skull kit) Cat skull coloring kit To place an order or receive more information about the kits, please send us an email at contact@3danatomystudios.com!
- [Opt-out preferences](https://3danatomystudios.com/opt-out-preferences/) - This page was last changed on May 13, 2025, last checked on May 13, 2025 and applies to citizens and legal permanent residents of the United States. 1. Introduction Our website, https://3danatomystudios.com (hereinafter: "the website") uses cookies and other related technologies (for convenience all technologies are referred to as "cookies"). Cookies are also placed by
- [Sustainability](https://3danatomystudios.com/sustainability/) - Our commitment to sustainability Environmental sustainability is one of our core values at 3D Anatomy Studios. As biologists, we are aware of all the ways in which humans have negatively impacted and continue to negatively impact the Earth. We are also deeply aware of how much humans depend on and benefit from healthy ecosystems. As
- [Applying your sticker](https://3danatomystudios.com/applying-your-sticker/) - How to apply your removable vinyl sticker Follow the instructions below to apply our removable vinyl stickers to any smooth surface! Alternatively, download these instructions as a PDF. If you've gotten maximum enjoyment from your sticker and you'd like to remove it, simply remove it with a plastic card. Make sure you have the following
- [Thank you!](https://3danatomystudios.com/contact-confirm/) - Thank you for contacting us! We will be in touch with you shortly. We respond to most requests within the same business day. Please note that some institutional email systems send our emails to a spam folder. If you don't hear back from us within 2 business days, it's very likely that we have responded
- [Thank you!](https://3danatomystudios.com/contact-confirm-model/) - Thank you for sending us information about your model needs! Our lead model designer, Dr. Aaron Olsen, will follow up with you shortly! We respond to most requests within the same business day. Please note that some institutional email systems send our emails to a spam folder. If you don't hear back from us within
- [Return & Exchange Policy](https://3danatomystudios.com/returns/) - Return & Exchange Policy We want you to love your purchase. We want you to give us a 5-star review, tell all your friends about us, and purchase from us again. With this in mind, we’ve developed our return and exchange policy to make sure the process is quick and simple for you, while at
- [Digital rendering of a complete cat skeleton](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/digital-rendering-of-a-complete-cat-skeleton/) - At 3D Anatomy Studios we are passionate about creating educational resources that will be useful for educators and students learning animal anatomy. Cats are one of the most commonly used reference animals in human and vertebrate anatomy classes. Yet, there was not a publicly available CT scan of a cat that educators or researchers could
- [Shop](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/) - Unique, expert-crafted products that celebrate the wonder of biology
- [Privacy Policy](https://3danatomystudios.com/privacy-policy/) - Privacy Policy At 3danatomystudios.com, the privacy of our visitors is our priority. This Privacy Policy document contains types of information that is collected and recorded by 3danatomystudios.com and how we use it. If you have additional questions or require more information about our Privacy Policy, do not hesitate to contact us at contact@3danatomystudios.com. This Privacy
- [The cat ethmoid bone revealed](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/the-cat-ethmoid-bone-revealed/) - If you’ve ever taken a close look at an air conditioning (AC) system, you may have noticed a broad, flat sheet of shiny, thin metal bands. Especially on the outer wall of those AC box units that hang partially out of windows. This sheet of thin metal ribbons are part of the evaporator coils, which
- [Tiktaalik spells evolution](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/tiktaalik-spells-evolution/) - We’re all fish! That statement may sound silly, but if you were to go back some 375 million years (some 100 million generations, give or take a few), you’d find our ancestors just starting to venture out of water onto land. We know this because several fossils from around this time show a transition from
- [The roots of human teeth revealed](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/the-roots-of-human-teeth-revealed/) - Just as plants have roots to keep them securely in place and provide an access route for nutrients, so do our teeth. We created this animation of a human mandible (see a non-animated version here) becoming partially transparent to show the part of teeth that most people have never seen: the extensive root system of
- [Spiny dogfish shark tooth in context](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/spiny-dogfish-shark-tooth-in-context/) - If you think of a shark tooth, the first image to come to mind is probably the large serrated dagger-shaped tooth of a white shark (commonly referred to as a "great white shark"). However, just as there are many species of sharks, there are also many different sizes and shapes of shark teeth, depending on
- [Spiny dogfish shark denticle in context](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/spiny-dogfish-shark-denticle-in-context/) - From a distance, the skin of sharks may appear smooth. But if you could feel a shark's skin you would notice that it feels smooth if you run your hand from the head to the tail but rough (like sandpaper) in the opposite direction (from tail to head). This is because shark skin is covered
- [Some fish have two sets of jaws](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/some-fish-have-two-sets-of-jaws/) - The next time you’re eating, take a moment to consider all of the ways that you’re using your upper and lower teeth. If you’re eating an apple, for example, you’ll use your front teeth (incisors) to cut a piece of the apple. You’ll then use your tongue to move the piece of apple further back
- [Skeletal structure of human versus cat hand](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/skeletal-structure-of-human-versus-cat-hand/) - Although we call a cat’s front and back feet ”paws,” cats actually have hands and feet just like us. The front paw (“hand”) of cats has five fingers (though polydactyl cats have more than five) and all the other bones that you have in your own hands, just in different shapes and sizes. This may
- [Shark vertebrae](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/shark-vertebrae/) - Most people are probably aware that shark skeletons are largely composed of cartilage rather than bone. When you hear cartilage you may be thinking of the elastic cartilage of your ear or the hyaline cartilage that forms the tip of your nose. Shark cartilage, however, is a special type of cartilage that is not found
- [Shark versus human jaws](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/shark-vs-human-jaws/) - When you think of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias), one of the first things you probably think about is their jaws - or the movie Jaws, in which white shark jaws were prominently featured! White sharks have large jaws but it’s hard to get a sense of just how large they are given how different a
- [Range of tooth sizes in living sharks](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/range-of-tooth-sizes-in-living-sharks/) - When most people think of sharks, many of the most iconic species often come to mind: (great) white sharks, hammerheads, blacktips, whale sharks, etc. But with over 500 species of sharks currently living today, there is a lot of unrecognized diversity in many aspects of shark biology. One of those aspects is the diversity of
- [Diversity on the Wing](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/flying-bird-silhouette-mosaic/) - When it comes to diversity, birds know how to put on a show. Birds have invaded all seven continents by land, air, and sea. From the smallest bird (the bee hummingbird) to the largest bird (the ostrich), and more than 10,000 other species in between. Our member Michael Fath created this mosaic of 42 different
- [Diversity in the Fish Body](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/diversity-in-the-fish-body/) - When we set out to create a design that would visually celebrate fish diversity, we had quite the challenge. Fish are the most diverse group of vertebrates (animals with a backbone) and they come in so many different shapes and sizes. Here we play with that idea by bringing together the silhouettes of 36 different
- [Digital rendering of a human mandible](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/digital-rendering-of-a-human-mandible/) - Human adults can have up to 32 teeth if they have all of their wisdom teeth- 16 in the upper jaw and 16 in lower jaw (mandible). But if you visited an anatomy lab to see a collection of real human skulls used as study aids, you'd have a hard time finding a skull with
- [Beetlemania](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/beetlemania/) - Because much of our work focuses on vertebrate animals (quite unfair given how few there are of us relative to all other animals on Earth!) we wanted to create a piece of artwork that would celebrate a group of animals other than vertebrates. For that, there was no better choice than the beetles. Not only
- [Animated rendering of a spiny dogfish shark denticle](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/animated-rendering-of-a-spiny-dogfish-shark-denticle/) - From a distance, the skin of sharks may appear smooth. But if you could feel a shark’s skin you would notice that it feels smooth if you run your hand from the head to the tail but rough (like sandpaper) in the opposite direction (from tail to head). This is because shark skin is covered
- [3D Anatomy Studios Logo](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/3d-anatomy-studios-logo/) - When we set out in 2021 to create our logo as 3D Anatomy Studios, we wanted a design that would represent our passion for hands-on learning of how organisms are built, of how they move, and of their wondrous anatomical diversity. We wanted an illustration based on anatomical elements, but since our products and services
- [3D printed bird femur](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/3d-printed-bird-femur/) - In 2021, a paleontology and biomechanics researcher reached out to us. Her research focuses on using birds and other living animals to more accurately reconstruct how dinosaurs and other extinct animals moved. And the shapes of joint surfaces between bones and how two or more bones fit together at joints is key to understanding the
- [Portfolio](https://3danatomystudios.com/portfolio/)
- [Terms and Conditions](https://3danatomystudios.com/terms-and-conditions/) - Terms and Conditions These terms and conditions outline the rules and regulations for the use of 3D Anatomy Studios' website, located at https://3danatomystudios.com and are effective as of September 1, 2021. By accessing this website we assume you accept these terms and conditions. Do not continue to use 3danatomystudios.com if you do not agree to

## Products

- [Tiktaalik Spells Evolution Sticker](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/tiktaalik-spells-evolution-sticker/) - Let humans’ earliest amphibious ancestor subtly say for evolution for you with this word art sticker! Featuring a beautiful hand-drawn illustration of the 375-million-year-old “proto-tetrapod” fossil Tiktaalik, this vinyl sticker celebrating our fishy origins is perfect for your laptop, water bottle, phone case or any other smooth surface. Durable and 100% removable.
- [Diversity in the Fish Body Sticker](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/diversity-in-the-fish-body-sticker/) - Show your love of fish with this bold yet elegant vinyl sticker of a fish made of fish! It’s the perfect #TeamFish #SciArt #sticker swag for your laptop, water bottle, or any other smooth surface that needs more fish (every surface, in our opinion). Durable and 100% removable.
- [Diversity on the Wing Sticker](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/diversity-on-the-wing-sticker/) - Celebrate bird diversity and show your support for #TeamBird with this vinyl sticker of a soaring bird made of birds! It’s the beautiful bird branding your laptop, water bottle, or any other smooth surface have been waiting for. Durable and 100% removable.
- [Tiktaalik Spells Evolution Greeting Cards (set of 10)](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/tiktaalik-spells-evolution-greeting-cards/) - Send a greeting that celebrates the pivotal moment in our evolutionary history when our fishy ancestors first ventured onto land! This set of 10 blank greeting cards and envelopes, made entirely from 100% recycled paper, features the 375-million-year-old fossil Tiktaalik, a lobe-finned fish with adaptations for living on both water and land. Illustrated by 3D Anatomy Studios member Tim Sosa and printed in our workshop in Rhode Island, USA.
- [Diversity on the Wing Greeting Cards (set of 10)](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/diversity-on-the-wing-greeting-cards/) - Send a greeting that celebrates the diversity of birds with this soaring bird made of birds! This set of 10 blank greeting cards and envelopes, made entirely from 100% recycled paper, features the silhouettes of 42 different species of birds, artfully arranged to form the silhouette of a bird in flight. Illustrated by Michael Fath and printed in our workshop in Rhode Island, USA.
- [Beetlemania Greeting Cards (set of 10)](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/beetlemania-greeting-cards/) - Send a greeting that celebrates the diversity of beetles with this bold yet elegant beetle made of beetles! This set of 10 blank greeting cards and envelopes, made entirely from 100% recycled paper, features the silhouettes of 33 adult and larval beetles, artfully arranged to form a larger beetle silhouette. Illustrated by Michael Fath and printed in our workshop in Rhode Island, USA.
- [Diversity in the Fish Body Greeting Cards (set of 10)](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/diversity-in-the-fish-body-greeting-cards/) - Send a greeting that celebrates the diversity of fish with this bold yet elegant fish made of fish! This set of 10 blank greeting cards and envelopes, made entirely from 100% recycled paper, features the silhouettes of 36 species of fish, artfully arranged to form a larger trout-shaped silhouette. Illustrated by Michael Fath and printed in our workshop in Rhode Island, USA.

## Content Blocks

- [404](https://3danatomystudios.com/ct_content_block/404/) - Oops! That page may have flown away. Please use the search below to find what you were looking for. Search Search

## Categories

- [Latest News](https://3danatomystudios.com/category/news/) - Posts sharing the latest happenings at 3D Anatomy Studios
- [Science Chats](https://3danatomystudios.com/category/science-chats/) - Posts that engage in scientific topics through conversation
- [Active Learning kit guides](https://3danatomystudios.com/category/guides/) - Free, open-source guides and other materials for our active learning kits
- [Dogfish kit guides](https://3danatomystudios.com/category/guides/dogfish-guides/) - Free, open-source guides and other materials for our dogfish shark active learning kits
- [Cat kit guides](https://3danatomystudios.com/category/guides/cat-guides/) - Free, open-source guides and other materials for our cat active learning kits
- [Cat skull coloring kit guides](https://3danatomystudios.com/category/guides/cat-guides/cat-skull-coloring-guides/) - Free, open-source guides and other materials for our cat skull coloring kit
- [Dogfish skull kit guides](https://3danatomystudios.com/category/guides/dogfish-guides/dogfish-skull-guides/) - Free, open-source guides and other materials for our dogfish shark skull active learning kits
- [Models](https://3danatomystudios.com/category/models/) - All of our models, physical and digital, in one place
- [Dogfish shark models](https://3danatomystudios.com/category/models/dogfish-models/)
- [Cat models](https://3danatomystudios.com/category/models/cat-models/)
- [Coding](https://3danatomystudios.com/category/coding/) - Posts sharing code that we have developed for various projects

## Tags

- [eyes](https://3danatomystudios.com/tag/eyes/)
- [vision](https://3danatomystudios.com/tag/vision/)
- [cats](https://3danatomystudios.com/tag/cats/)
- [balance](https://3danatomystudios.com/tag/balance/)
- [ears](https://3danatomystudios.com/tag/ears/)
- [accommodation](https://3danatomystudios.com/tag/accommodation/)
- [3d printing](https://3danatomystudios.com/tag/3d-printing/)
- [BookStack](https://3danatomystudios.com/tag/bookstack/)

## Product categories

- [Anatomy Art](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/product-category/anatomy-art/) - Artwork by 3D Anatomy Studios members that celebrates organismal form, biodiversity, and evolution
- [Stationery](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/product-category/anatomy-art/stationery/) - Send a greeting that features artwork by 3D Anatomy Studios members
- [Stickers](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/product-category/anatomy-art/stickers/) - Adhesive artwork by 3D Anatomy Studios members

## Product tags

- [Tim Sosa](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/product-tag/tim-sosa/) - Products featuring designs by 3D Anatomy Studios member Tim Sosa, PhD
- [Michael Fath](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/product-tag/michael-fath/) - Products featuring designs by 3D Anatomy Studios member Michael Fath, MS
- [Silhouette Mosaic](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/product-tag/silhouette-mosaic/) - Mosaics of artfully arranged silhouettes
- [Word Art](https://3danatomystudios.com/shop/product-tag/word-art/) - Art with a message